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}} Joan Alexandra Molinsky (June 8, 1933 – September 4, 2014), known as Joan Rivers, was an American actress, comedian, writer, producer, and television host noted for her often controversial comedic persona—where she was alternately self-deprecating or sharply acerbic, especially toward celebrities and politicians. Rivers came to prominence in 1965 as a guest on ''The Tonight Show''. Hosted by her mentor, Johnny Carson, the show established Rivers' comedic style. In 1986, with her own rival program, ''The Late Show with Joan Rivers'', Rivers became the first woman to host a late night network television talk show. She subsequently hosted ''The Joan Rivers Show'' (1989–1993), winning a Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host. In her later years, Rivers was particularly known for conducting comedic interviews with celebrities as they walked the red carpet at awards shows. From 2010 to 2014 Rivers co-hosted the E! celebrity fashion show ''Fashion Police''. Rivers starred in reality series ''Joan & Melissa: Joan Knows Best?'', from 2011 to 2014, with daughter Melissa Rivers. She was the subject of the documentary ''Joan Rivers: A Piece of Work'' (2010). Rivers released numerous comedy albums, and she was nominated in 1984 for a Grammy Award for her album ''What Becomes a Semi-Legend Most?'' Rivers was nominated in 1994 for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance of the title role in ''Sally Marr...and Her Escorts''. In 2015, Rivers posthumously received a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for her book, ''Diary of a Mad Diva''. Rivers authored 12 best-selling memoir and humor books. Rivers marketed a line of jewelry and apparel on the QVC shopping channel. In 1968, ''The New York Times'' television critic Jack Gould called Rivers "quite possibly the most intuitively funny woman alive". ==Early life== Rivers was born Joan Alexandra Molinsky on June 8, 1933, in Brooklyn, New York,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Joan Rivers Biography – Facts, Birthday, Life Story )〕〔Cathy Lynn Grossman, (Joan Rivers' gift: Wicked humor with a Jewish touch ), ''The Washington Post'', September 4, 2014.〕 the daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants Beatrice (née Grushman; January 6, 1906 – October 1975) and Meyer C. Molinsky (December 7, 1900 – January 1985).〔 Her elder sister, Barbara Waxler, died on June 3, 2013 at the age of 82.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/mainlinemedianews/obituary.aspx?n=barbara-waxler&pid=165153015&fhid=18292#fbLoggedOut )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Joan Rivers profile )〕 Rivers was raised in Prospect Heights〔''Daily News (New York)'', September 5, 2014. ("Joan Rivers Memory Lives Brooklyn Neighborhood" ).〕 and Crown Heights〔''The Wall Street Journal'', September 5, 2014. ("Joan Rivers on Growing Up in Brooklyn and Attending Progressive School" ).〕 in Brooklyn, where she attended Brooklyn Ethical Culture School and the Adelphi Academy. Her family later moved to Larchmont.〔 She attended Connecticut College between 1950 and 1952, and graduated from Barnard College in 1954 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature and anthropology; she was a member of Phi Beta Kappa.〔〔〔Rivers, Joan (1986). Autobiography: ''Enter Talking''. New York: Delacorte Press, First Printing.〕 Before entering show business, Rivers worked at various jobs such as a tour guide at Rockefeller Center,〔Autobiography: ''Bouncing Back'' (1997), HarperCollins, pp. 74–75.〕 a writer/proofreader at an advertising agency〔 and a fashion consultant at Bond Clothing Stores.〔〔Riley, Sam G. (1995) ''Biographical Dictionary of American Newspaper Columnists'', Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 265; ISBN 978-0-313-29192-0.〕 During this period, agent Tony Rivers advised her to change her name, so she chose Joan Rivers as her stage name.〔Sochen, June (1998). "From Sophie Tucker to Barbra Streisand: Jewish Women Entertainers as Reformers". Talking Back: Images of Jewish Women in American Popular Culture. Ed. Joyce Antler. Brandeis series in American Jewish history, culture, and life. Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press Published by University Press of New England. pp. 68–84.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joan Rivers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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